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Garden with Permaculture in Spring & Save MoneyWorried about climate change and your family's ecological impact? Want to make a positive contribution to your family's health, budget and eco-footprint? Maddy Harland, editor of Permaculture, says one of the simplest, most positive actions is to grow more food
Raised beds full of food
There are so many compelling reasons for growing even a little of your own food in the garden or allotment, on the patio, or even on the windowsill.
Take for instance the humble lettuce. On average of over 11 pesticides are sprayed on lettuces, more than any other vegetable crop. In one study by what is now the UK Department of the Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), pesticide applications had increased by 600% over a ten year period. Those innocent bags of mixed salad from the supermarket are also washed with chloride to prevent decay.
Food can contribute up to one third of your family's carbon footprint – so buying locally produced food and growing your own is one of the greenest things we can do.
Permaculture – Learning From Nature
As the old saying goes, 'Nature is the best teacher' and permaculture is based on observing natural systems, deriving principles to understand how they work and then applying them and designing low carbon, green systems. These can be anything from a farm, woodland or community, but one of the easiest ways for most people is to demonstrate permaculture in the garden. Here we can make connections, turn our waste into useful resources and create self-sustaining cyclical systems that work together healthily.
A typical example of a way of imitating nature in the permaculture garden is mulching the soil. In a woodland, nature rarely leaves the soil bare. Leaves form a moist covering to the soil and rot down, making a fertile dark loam full of beneficial micro-organism to feed saplings, established trees and shrubs and other flora and prevent nutrients being eroded away by wind and rain. In the garden we too can make leaf mould, compost and use cardboard, woodchip and straw to cover and feed the soil, establish rich loamy beds full of worms to turn the soil and make it fertile. Mulch also suppresses weeds.
Adding compost also creates healthy soil as well as being an important way of reducing household waste. Currently, the average household throws away 14.1kg of compostable waste – the equivalent in weight of 24 bags of sugar per week.
Setting up a Vegetable Garden in Spring
The first task is to establish good composting systems as soon as possible. If you have room you can make your own composters from recycled pallets and add a mixture of kitchen waste (uncooked), grass cuttings and materials like shredded paper and spoilt straw to get the right mixture of nitrogen and carbon. You can also make a composter specifically for leaves and also one for 'green brew' – a DIY liquid organic fertiliser (see BOX for details). If you are limited for space proprietary composters (often at a reduced price from your local council) and a worm bin for cooked food and vegetable scraps are very useful.
If you are starting from scratch select an area near your house for your veggie beds and composting area. The aphorism that the best fertiliser is the gardener's shadow is so true. We all tend to live busy lives and so growing food near the kitchen door ensures that you can more easily pop out, pull a few weeds, sow some seeds and compost our waste. Make sure your beds are wide enough to reach in the middle but not too wide so that you have to stand on them to work which will compact the soil and cause water logging.
Define the edges of beds with long planks if you can but not bricks or stones in a damp climate as these are ideal habitats for slugs and snails. Planks clearly mark the paths – useful also for children and pets to know exactly where to tread – and allow you to build up the soil and make raised beds. These will be no-dig once you have removed all the weeds. The advantages of not digging but mulching and spot weeding instead are many. Soil is a living being with a delicate balance of micro-organisms that interact. Digging damages this living microcosm and destroys soil structure. Much better to leave 'ploughing' to the worms which turn the soil and aerate it. Don't forget to add lots of well-rotted organic matter.
Next, select what to grow and order in your seeds. This is the fun part so be sure to involve the whole family and choose vegetables and salads that everyone like sto eat. There is no point growing food they don't like! A strawberry bed is usually a must but remember you can also plant alpine strawberries anywhere in the garden as ground cover and children will enjoy foraging for their small but delicious fruits.
love vegetables like sweetcorn, French beans, parsnips, spinach, carrots, various varieties of beefsteak, bush and cherry tomatoes, broad beans and spaghetti and butternut squashes.Make a wish list! The add to as many varieties of 'cut and come again' and self seeding salads as possible such as mizuna, mibuna, oak leaf lettuces, land cress, rocket, and corn salad. Most seed catalogues have salad mixes that you can sow in one go so that you get variety for the price of just one packet – even a small salad bed can save a fortune on the weekly shopping bills and provide healthy greens from early spring to late autumn. There is nothing as scrumptious as freshly picked greens and children love helping with the harvesting.
Of course, we prefer to buy organic seeds and also mainly choose varieties that are 'heritage' or at least not hybrids. F1 hybrid seeds may look nice but they are bred for a mass market and are not self-fertile and you can't save their seed and germinate them next year. Heritage seeds are usually the older varieties that may not be popular in the supermarket (because they lack uniformity of size, shape or colour or don't store in refrigerated units well) but they are often more tasty, store well and produce good seeds for next year. They can be more robust against pests and diseases as well and by growing them you are supporting biodiversity in the garden.
Spring jobs, besides getting out on crisp days and preparing the beds for sowing, is planting seeds inside. Children enjoy sowing pots and seed trays and watching them germinate in the warm. This is biology at home. They had learnt that plant growth is determined by moisture, light and gravity on the windowsill from an early age. Botany too is so much easier to learn when you have a familiarity with germination, photosynthesis and how roots grow, for instance.
All in all, growing plants is a wonderful way for a family to play and learn together and enjoy being outside.
What is permaculture?
1.Permaculture is an innovative framework for creating sustainable ways of living.
2.It is a practical method of developing ecologically harmonious, efficient and productive systems that can be used by anyone, anywhere.
By thinking carefully about the way we use our resources - food, energy, shelter and other material and non-material needs - it is possible to get much more out of life by using less. We can be more productive for less effort, reaping benefits for our environment and ourselves, for now and for generations to come.
This is the essence of permaculture - the design of an ecologically sound way of living - in our households, gardens, communities and businesses. It is created by cooperating with nature and caring for the earth and its people.
Permaculture is not exclusive - its principles and practice can be used by anyone, anywhere:
•City flats, yards and window boxes
•Suburban and country houses/garden
•Allotments and smallholdings
•Community spaces
•Farms and estates
•Countryside and conservation areas
•Commercial and industrial premises
•Educational establishments
•Waste ground
Permaculture encourages us to be resourceful and self-reliant. It is not a dogma or a religion but an ecological design system which helps us find solutions to the many problems facing us - both locally and globally..
Writer Emma Chapman defines it as:
"Permaculture, originally 'Permanent Agriculture', is often viewed as a set of gardening techniques, but it has in fact developed into a whole design philosophy, and for some people a philosophy for life. Its central theme is the creation of human systems which provide for human needs, but using many natural elements and drawing inspiration from natural ecosystems. Its goals and priorities coincide with what many people see as the core requirements for sustainability."
Permaculture tackles how to grow food, build houses and create communities, and minimise environmental impact at the same time. Its principles are being constantly developed and refined by people throughout the world in very different climates and cultural circumstan
